Even in small amounts, vitamin C can protect indispensable molecules in the body, such as proteins, lipids (fats), carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), from damage by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated during normal metabolism, by active immune cells, and through exposure to toxins and pollutants (e.g., certain chemotherapy drugs and cigarette smoke)
Spitz DR, Oberley LW (1989) An assay for superoxide dismutase activity in mammalian tissue homogenates
At the chemical level, molecular degradation, misfolding, or post-translational modifications can convert these molecules into pro-inflammatory ones
Most GLP-1 medications are peptides that are easily damaged by digestive enzymes and poorly absorbed in the gut
Disruptionsfrom stress, diet, travel, or medicationcan shift the balance of microbes and metabolites in ways that affect comfort and overall wellness
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