Less commonly recognized but still valid qualifying conditions include prediabetes (elevated fasting glucose or A1C between 5.7-6.4%), polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis of weight-bearing joints, and chronic kidney disease
Diabetes Care 34 , 14631468 (2011)
Arrows indicate the cleavage sites in the native GLP-1, while blocked arrows indicate amino acid modifications (A-Ala, K-Lys, S-Ser, G-Gly, Q-Gln, N-Asn, D-Asp, C-Cys) to prevent cleavage by DPP-IV and trypsin
Renal denervation improves cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure: effects on expression of beta-adrenoceptors
Bloating: Slower stomach emptying and gut motility can lead to a build up of gas causing a feeling of fullness and abdominal distention
However, many patients prefer injecting after a small meal because it helps them avoid nausea in the minutes following the shot