Yuen MF, Heo J, Jang JW, Yoon JH, Kweon YO, Park SJ, Tami Y, You S, Yates P, Tao Y, Cremer J, Campbell F, Elston R, Theodore D, Paff M, Bennett CF, Kwoh TJ
' : '
It contains the following: Pro-Coenzyme Q10 a very powerful fat-soluble antioxidant that greatly benefits organs requiring the highest amount of energy, such as the heart, liver, and kidneys
10.1210/jc.2009-1579 3 BegleyE.McVeighJ.HopeV.BatesG.GlassR.CampbellJ.et al (2017)
Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 and derivatives Several derivatives have been developed in the 2000s-2010s: Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 (Pal-GHK): combination of native GHK with a palmitic chain for improved topical penetration Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 (Pal-KVK): TGF- growth factor mimetic, documented as collagen inducer Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pal-GQPR): studied for cutaneous anti-inflammatory effect These variants all exploit the same principle: short signal peptide + lipid chain for improved membrane penetration while preserving biological activity
Despite this short half-life, its effects persist due to its ability to stimulate long-lasting cellular responses
