H.SamaniN
Clinical studies show efficacy at concentrations as low as 0.01 nM, with optimal results at 1100 nM (Maquart et al., 2015)
When ligands (such as IS, IAA, and kynurenine) bind to AhR, AhR is released from the chaperone protein complex and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), then binds to xenobiotic response elements (XRE) or dioxin response elements (DRE) to induce downstream target gene transcription (120)
These metabolites were identified as thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (T4C), 2-methyl thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (MT4C), and 2-ethyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ET4C), the condensation products of l-cysteine with aldehydes
Animal studies on obesity The most compelling data comes from studies in diet-induced obese mice
in this case, all individuals (or majority) living in a given area are exposed to iodine excess