In addition, metabolomics studies found characteristic branched-chain amino acid deficiency as a metabolic signature of AD
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Another study revealed that ketogenic diet intervention reduced social deficits, repetitive behaviors, memory impairments, and inflammatory markers such as TNF-, IL- 1, and IL- 6 in BTBR rats [47]
A liquid scintillation cocktail (5 mL, Ecolume) was added, the samples were shaken, and radioactivity was evaluated using a liquid scintillation counter
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6.5 Mitochondria as a central platform for immune signaling and pathogen recognition Mitochondria function as central hubs that integrate metabolic regulation with innate immune signaling, coordinating host defense against diverse pathogens