Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293, L1045L1052 (2007)
Larger phase 2 trials (including studies like STAR-T) are now underway to better understand whether GLP-1 medications can safely and effectively reduce drinking
For Metformin specifically, the company displays data from 12,100 surveyed customers showing self-reported changes in blood sugar levels, appetite control, and cravings, per the brand's published figures
Staying on each dose for 4 weeks before escalating helps minimize adjustment reactions
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00387
A tolerable upper intake level (UL)the amount you can safely take without risk of severe side effectswas never set for it because it has a low potential for toxicity, and the body does not store it in excess (NIH-a, 2021)