Ca2+ ionophore A23187 can make mouse spermatozoa capable of fertilizing in vitro without activation of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation pathways
A clear reagent reference reduces ambiguity when results shift between runs, helping investigators separate biological differences from procedural differences
By attaching an acetyl group to the sulfur atom of cysteine within the glutathione tripeptide, SAG resists enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, crosses cell membranes intact, and is then hydrolyzed intracellularly by cytoplasmic thioesterases to release free, bioactive GSH directly inside cells
Furthermore, in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, senkyunolide H prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and suppressed the rise in ROS induced by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
STEVEN D
Best for: Athletes, individuals recovering from illness, hangover relief, and those needing extra hydration on hot days