Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, primarily driven by atherosclerosis ( Dietary components shape gut microbiome composition and function by providing substrates such as fiber, fat, and protein ( The gut microbiota produces TMA from dietary L-carnitine, choline, phosphatidylcholine, and betaine ( In vitro experiments using colon models have shown that a polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract and the pomegranate polyphenol punicalagin can inhibit microbial TMA production from L-carnitine ( in vivo
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Glycemic control should be assessed with HbA1c every 3 months
"Drug Approval Package: Byetta (Exenatide) NDA #021773"
Deloittes annual report, Measuring the Return from Pharmaceutical Innovation , found that GLP-1 drugs could fuel significant returns on research and development investments made last year by major drugmakers
5.4 Hormonal modulation Given the role of hormonal decline in both sarcopenia and atherosclerosis, vitamin D and sex hormone replacement therapies hold promise when carefully indicated