Glutathione is one of the body's most important antioxidants, playing a central role in cellular protection, detoxification, and immune defense
In the M-ARCOL model (Mucosal Artificial Colon, an advanced in vitro system using microbiota from healthy donors), daily exposure to PEMPs for 14 days increased pathobiont Desulfovibrionaceae (Fournier et al., 2023)
For best results, do not use them with acidic preparations lower than pH 5, or with citric acid, ascorbic acid, alpha hydroxy acids, etc
The preclinical literature supports this framing
S.ChangC
Both L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and retinoids thrive in a low-pH (acidic) environment, while GHK-Cu is most stable and effective at a more neutral pH