On one hand, the cardiovascular protection afforded by SGLT2is seems to result from their beneficial hemodynamic effects, including improvement in ventricular preload (secondary to natriuresis and osmotic diuresis) and afterload (through blood pressure reduction), but also from improvement of cardiac metabolism (through the switch from utilization of glucose to ketones), inhibition of the myocardial Na + /H + exchanger, reduction of cardiac fibrosis and necrosis, reduction of proinflammatory adipokines derived from epicardial and perivascular fat, and stimulation of erythropoiesis (which can facilitate the release of oxygen to ischemic tissues) [1, 4, 14,15,16]
Niacinamide:Strengthens the skin barrier while refining uneven tone and texture
Extended storage: For longer stability extending beyond 12 months, -20C freezer storage is preferable
It depends on the area youre looking to treat
Schliemann S, Pinter A, Schuttelaar M, et al
doi: 10.1002/hbm.20732