The explosive demand for GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists, driven by their efficacy in treating obesity, has outpaced supply and created a dynamic market landscape
Further, GLP-1RAs promote VSMC redifferentiation via AMPK/SIRT1/forkhead box O (FOXO3a) pathways, where the expression of contractile VSMCs markers (SM22 and Calponin) is increased [125]
Sales are expected to continue to soar over the next several years, which will lead to an increase in calls to the poison center about side effects, dosing errors, inadvertent overdose, and unprescribed misuse by nave individuals
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This sufficiently powered clinical study did not find a beneficial effect of linagliptin versus placebo on albuminuria in patients with T2DM, although exploratory analyses indicated more responders and fewer non-responders in terms of UACR in the linagliptin group
Second, GLP-1 therapies modestly reduce systolic blood pressure