2.2.5 Metabolic reprogramming Metabolic reprogramming refers to the process in which cells, under specific physiological and pathological conditions, systematically adjust and transform their metabolic patterns to adapt to changes in the external environment and to meet their own needs for growth and differentiation, by engaging various bioenergetic routes, such as glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism (Xia et al., 2021
Adding ibuprofen during this adaptation phase can amplify these effects
While human relevance remains uncertain, tirzepatide is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
On the other hand, a marked reduction (3040%) in the mitochondrial GSH pool was observed under these conditions (Figure 1A and Figure 1B)
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Here, we review the physiology and pharmacology of GLP-1 agonists, their current clinical indications, nuanced perioperative considerations, and areas of research needed to establish the safest use of these agents for our patients