The phase 3 trials, the ATTAIN trials, will hopefully confirm these initial results in obese and overweight patients
Common reconstitution liquids compared Liquid Bacteriostatic water What is in it Reuse after opening Typical research fit Liquid Sterile water What is in it Reuse after opening Typical research fit Liquid Saline (0.9% NaCl) What is in it Reuse after opening Typical research fit Liquid Distilled/tap water What is in it Reuse after opening Typical research fit Salt in saline can shift the balance of the solution and, for some peptide sequences, encourage clumping
Store in a cool, dark, and dry place, preferably in the refrigerator, and keep it away from sunlight to maintain quality and integrity.
Note they didnt consult a psychiatrist despite the link between low B12 and poor mental health being discovered over a hundred years ago
Heres how they work together: Folates role: Dietary folate converts to 5-MTHF (active folate) via the MTHFR enzyme 5-MTHF donates a methyl group to homocysteine This requires B12 as a cofactor for the enzyme methionine synthase The result: homocysteine converts to methionine B12s role: B12 (as methylcobalamin) acts as a cofactor for methionine synthase It helps transfer the methyl group from 5-MTHF to homocysteine Without adequate B12, folate gets trapped and cant donate its methyl group This is called the methyl trap What happens when one is deficient: Low B12 with adequate folate: Folate cant function properly (methyl trap) Homocysteine rises despite good folate levels Methylation slows down Can mask B12 deficiency symptoms initially Low folate with adequate B12: Not enough methyl groups available for donation Homocysteine rises Methylation impaired DNA synthesis affected Both low: Severe methylation impairment Very high homocysteine Anemia (megaloblastic) Neurological damage risk Why MTHFR mutations affect this partnership: With MTHFR mutations: Your body cant efficiently convert folate to 5-MTHF This creates a bottleneck in the methylation cycle Even with adequate B12, you dont have enough active folate to work with it Result: elevated homocysteine, poor methylation The solution: Bypass the MTHFR bottleneck by taking pre-methylated folate (5-MTHF) that doesnt require conversion
Theyre often given to people with certain health issues or who follow special diets
