This is why most therapeutic peptides approved for systemic use (insulin, GLP-1 agonists, etc.) are injectable or have required extensive chemical modification to survive oral delivery
The Institute of Medicine reports that no adverse effects have been associated with excess vitamin B12 intake from food and supplements in healthy individuals. However, if youre not deficient in vitamin B12 to begin with or you dont address the underlying reasons you might be deficient, injections likely wont do much to improve overall quality of life
Rotation between these sites reduces the risk of lipodystrophy, a condition where repeated injections in the same spot cause fat tissue to harden or waste away
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010119
But injuries and slow recovery can sideline you from the life you love
The NHS Inform Scotland guidance and the Vegan Societys recommendation align: a 10-microgram daily B12 supplement, or a 2,000-microgram weekly supplement, is enough for the vast majority of plant-based eaters
