Circulating concentrations of choline and betaine and risk of cardiovascular disease A 1995 study had found that elevated blood homocysteine concentrations in patients who experienced a vascular occlusion were associated with higher urinary excretion of betaine, rather than with reduced intake of choline or betaine or diminished activity of BHMT (49)
Precise formulation
For the chronic dosing studies, most studies are looking at doses of 4 g/day.[ref] (This used to be the maximum recommended acetaminophen dose per day, but that has now changed to 3g/day.) For reference, a single over-the-counter Extra Strength Tylenol is 500 mg, with the directions saying not to exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours (so 3g/day)
This phenomenon describes the preference of cancer cells to favor glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen, leading to increased lactate production
By any measurable commercial standard, the strategy worked
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin, a hormone secreted by the gut during meals that triggers the pancreas to produce insulin, which possesses a spectrum of extra-pancreatic functions related to its anti-inflammatory properties 18,19,20
