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This effect was previously documented in the DCCT and UKPDS trials and occurs regardless of the treatment method used (insulin, oral agents, or GLP-1 medications), reflecting changes in retinal blood flow and vascular permeability during metabolic adjustment
The study also found a higher incidence of biliary disease, a group of conditions affecting the gall bladder, but the difference was not found to be statistically significant
No non-GLP-1 weight loss drugs like phentermine
The average weight loss achieved in the STEP 1 study of semaglutide for weight loss was 14.9% of the initial body weight over 68 weeks
Regarding medication management, for patients with clinical cardiovascular disease, a sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor or a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with proven cardiovascular benefit is recommended