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Di Pietro, G., Magno, L
While advances in bioinformatics and nanoformulations are enhancing their pharmacokinetic profiles and clinical applicability, challenges such as standardization, dosage optimization, and translational validation hinder their widespread clinical adoption
In addition, the suppression of EPO on hepcidin expression may be related to the erythroferrone (ERFE) produced by erythroblasts in response to EPO, which could target hepatic BMP/SMAD signaling via preferentially impairing an evolutionarily closely related BMP subgroup of BMP5, BMP6, and BMP7 [5456]
Some deliver glutathione directly, some modify how it is transported, and others give the body nutrients needed to synthesize glutathione internally
The present review analyzes their specific triggers, signaling hubs and regulatory networks within the metabolic microenvironment, and discusses the dynamic crosstalk among these pathways