Yes, the GLP-1 released from our intestinal cells is rapidly degraded, leading to low systemic levels, but its effects appear to be mediated by vagus nerve stimulation
Sulforaphane also upregulated the expression of Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1, and decreased ischemic death and apoptosis of liver cells (15)
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Antioxidants 12 , 1543 (2023)
In one phase 2 trial of people with obesity, some of whom also had type 2 diabetes, participants lost 20.5% of their fat mass while increasin g their lean muscle mass by 3.6% over 48 weeks of treatment
J Biol Chem 259:93459347 Setterdahl AT, Chivers PT, Hirasawa M, Lemaire SD, Keryer E, Miginiac-Maslow M, Kim SK, Mason J, Jacquot JP, Longbine CC, de Lamotte-Guery F, Knaff DB (2003) Effect of pH on the oxidation-reduction properties of thioredoxins