The effect of GLP-1RA on the eGFR-related endpoint worsening kidney function was neutral in the main analysis (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.721.02), while a statistically significant benefit was detected in the sensitivity analysis excluding ELIXA (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.690.98) [11]
Activation of GIP receptors may further support fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, whilst glucagon receptor agonism is believed to increase energy expenditure and promote the breakdown of stored fat (lipolysis)
A model of diabetic neuropathy caused by streptozotocin in rats has shown the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1RA semaglutide by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the activity of astrocytes and microglia [32]
Post-Treatment Considerations After discontinuing GLP-1 medications, many patients experience metabolic improvements
While you cannot obtain GLP-1 directly from food, your dietary choices profoundly influence how much GLP-1 your own intestinal cells produce and release
It passes through the stomach and small intestine undigested, reaching the colon where beneficial gut bacteria ferment it into short-chain fatty acids - primarily propionate and butyrate
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