Pinealon influences which genes are active and which are silent, and the genes it upregulates are those involved in neuronal protection and survival
That matters because, unlike most peptides, a small molecule can be studied orally as well as by injection it has no peptide bonds for digestive enzymes to cleave
Only minor reactions have been reported by some patients, such as pain at the injection site
The position this article takes, given those three valid critiques, is that the mechanism evidence is strong enough, the delivery evidence is biologically plausible enough, and the safety window is wide enough that the recommendation is defensible
If your diet lacks B12 or you prefer not managing daily pills, injections could be more convenient, and vice versa
(2015) in BioMed Research International demonstrated that GHK-Cu, at concentrations of 0.01, 1, and 100 nM, significantly increased collagen and elastin synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts