Along with a significant pool of preclinical data on the effect of GLP-1RAs (including exendin-4) on PD models in experimental animals, showing a decrease in the loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of -synuclein in the brain, a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin IL-1 [61], promising data from clinical studies on the use of GLP-1RAs in PD have been obtained [62]
BDNF plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of brain neurons
FDAs Concerns With Unapproved GLP-1 Drugs Used for Weight Loss
The Stubborn Weight Battler: Women frustrated by lingering weight gain, especially around the midsection, despite efforts to eat better and stay active
this pathway has been recognized as critical to the reversal of diabetes and the recovery of impaired islet function after bariatric treatment 20,21,22
Luc activity in organ lysates was measured using Nano-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega)