This conclusion requires validation in future studies with a larger sample size
Hepatitis/Elevated liver enzymes/Jaundice Diabetic retinopathy problems: Changes in vision in those with type II diabetes, particularly vision problems may worsen in those with a history of diabetic retinopathy Severe gastrointestinal disease - may cause gastrointestinal disease
Hers conducts baseline safety screening and advises on GLP-1 risks
The current understanding is that the pool of NAD is decreased during niacin deficiency and that it affects the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes rather than redox and metabolic functions (43)
Animal studies indicate fetal growth restriction, ossification delay, skeletal variants, and reduced maternal weight gain, though more recent human evidence, including a 2024 cohort of 938 pregnancies, suggests no increased risk of major congenital malformations compared with insulin
, 16 , 463-467, Bck, A., Forchhammer, K., Heider, J., Leinfelder, W., Sawers, G., et al