This cascade promotes ECM remodeling, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-AKT signaling, and adipocyte lipogenesis (Toyoda et al
Data were collected in the frame of a very well-controlled intervention experiment
It modulates the K + /Na + balance by decreased K efflux and increased expression levels of the inward-rectifying potassium channel ( HvAKT1 ), thereby enhancing salt tolerance by maintaining ionic homeostasis [33]
For instance, upregulating GPX4 in ferroptosis-sensitive chondrocytes, restoring antioxidant defenses in inflammatory synovial macrophages, or rebalancing iron export in subchondral osteoblasts may prevent tissue-specific degeneration
10.1038/ejcn.2016.248 407
These mechanisms include interaction with the electron transport chain, through a pathway of oxidative phosphorylation, or blocking a nutrient uptake