SODs form the front line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated injury.[1] These proteins catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion free radical (O 2 - ) into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [Figure 1a] and decrease O 2 - level which damages the cells at excessive concentration.[2] This reaction is accompanied by alternate oxidation-reduction of metal ions present in the active site of SODs.[3,4] Based on the metal cofactors present in the active sites, SODs can be classified into four distinct groups: Copper-Zinc-SOD (Cu, Zn-SOD) [Figure 1b], Iron SOD (Fe-SOD), Manganese SOD (Mn-SOD), and Nickel SOD.[5,6] The different forms of SODs are unequally distributed throughout all biological kingdoms and are located in different subcellular compartments
Participants demonstrated 28% faster recovery from intense training sessions, 23% improvement in flexibility measurements, and 19% reduction in exercise-induced muscle damage markers compared to placebo controls
10.12688/f1000research.20906.1 F1000Res
The metal chelating activity of flavonoids results either (i) in the formation of metal-chelates which have lower catalytic efficiency in Fenton reaction than pure flavonoids (decreased number of metal binding sites is usually associated with lower catalytic activity) or (ii) metal flavonoid chelates can intercalate into DNA of cancer cells, triggering cell death (Simunkova et al
It has the effects of a telomerase activator and cell regeneration, and is considered a potential anti-aging and life-extending compound with multiple benefits for human health
References Cryan JF, O KJ M, Cowan CS, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen S, Boehme TF
