Aging reduces NAD+ synthesis pathways while increasing consumption by enzymes like CD38 and PARPs, activated by inflammation and damage.[13][15] CD38, an immune-related enzyme, ramps up with age, breaking down NAD+ precursors
B12 is a water-soluble vitamin the body uses for red blood cell formation, nerve function, and energy production
Activated SIRT1 promotes PGC1 expression
As B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and proper nervous system function, its deficiency can disrupt these processes and lead to symptoms like gastrointestinal discomfort and poor appetite, which may contribute to unintended weight loss
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14 While B12 injections do work, sublingual vitamin B12 is proven to be more efficient in boosting B12 levels, especially in patients with very low levels