FLS, osteoclasts and monocytes in the RA joint cavity also played an indispensable key role in the progression of RA
18 In addition, GLP-1 RAs exert anti-inflammatory properties, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-6, TNF-), decreased adhesion molecule expression, and suppression of monocyte infiltration into the vascular wall
Yet, receptors for glutamate are found on a variety of immune cells, including lymphocytes and dendritic cells, suggesting that glutamate has a role in immune cell functioning (176)
10.1111/tpj.12081 177 YangY
Statistical Analysis To determine statistical significance, Welshs two-factor t-tests were performed in ArrayStudio (Omicsoft) or R to compare protein-normalized data between experimental groups
GLP-1 is a vital incretin hormone that plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion