Together, excessive and reduced production of neuro-toxic and -protective kynurenines, respectively, may exacerbate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, establishing a feed-forward cycle of KP dysregulation, 5-HT depletion, HPA axis hyperactivity, and increased vulnerability to MDD
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), expressed on the luminal endothelial plasma membrane, are pivotal in CNS pharmaco-resistance [24, 30,31,32]
In vitro effect of short peptides on expression of interleukin-2 gene in splenocytes
10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb06757.x 45 HerbetteS.LenneC.LeblancN.JulienJ
Structures Involved in Knee OA Knee OA involves more than just cartilage It affects multiple tissues and structures, especially as the disease progresses
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