People who may be at a higher risk for B12 deficiency include older adults, those with gastrointestinal disorders, vegetarians and vegans, and those who have had gastrointestinal surgery
Vitamin B12 requires a more complex absorption pathway involving intrinsic factor, a protein produced by the stomach lining
Nursing mothers should complete breastfeeding before starting treatment
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 30.Stagos D, Chen Y, Brocker C et al
These results indicate that the loss of cellular glutathione and increase in oxidative stress alters vitamin D metabolism genes and vitamin D receptors, which can predispose the body to 25(OH)VD 3 deficiency
Proline (Pro) In 1900, proline was chemically synthesized