In comorbid patients, dysbiosis upregulates SERT expression and impairs EC cell function, reducing colonic 5-HT content ( Carriers of the short allele of the SERT gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) show lower transporter activity and greater susceptibility to comorbid phenotypes ( 4.1.2 The GABA pathway Beyond the 5-HT system, GABA, as the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, has a core role in mood regulation and anxiety control
A synergistic effect of meat consumption and resistance exercise has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis [80] as well as muscle strength and endurance in elderly [81]
Greene L (1993) G6PD deficiency as protection against falciparum malaria: an epidemiologic critique of population and experimental studies
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Groups at higher risk of deficiency include older adults (due to reduced stomach acid production), people following vegan or strict vegetarian diets (as B12 is naturally found almost exclusively in animal products), individuals with pernicious anaemia or other malabsorption conditions, those taking certain medications such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors long-term, and people with significant nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), which can inactivate B12 in the body
By reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, these interventions can slow the progression of kidney function decline (Chen C
