The most robust clinical evidence to date concerns the improvement of muscular and metabolic parameters (strength, endurance, insulin sensitivity) and the modulation of chronic inflammation. A 2024 randomised trial comparing NAD IV with NR IV in healthy adults showed that both modalities increase the available NAD pool, with a favourable safety profile
Pharmacological approaches during subacute and chronic phases are also reviewed
This is noteworthy because no investigational AOM has yet surpassed TZP
Am J Physiol Physiol 297(6):F1647F1655 Meier JJ (2012) GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
These are lifelong medications for most who benefit, which means staying motivated to keep taking them, and to keep up the habits around them, is itself part of the long game
They can make people feel less confident, and some even observe depression or anxiety due to their impact on facial expression