For growth-hormone support, peptides such as CJC-1295 and sermorelin are common choices, while others target cognition or immune support
Retatrutide is an investigational triple hormone agonist (GLP-1, GIP, glucagon) showing promising early results for obesity and type 2 diabetes, while tirzepatide is an FDA-approved dual agonist (GLP-1, GIP) available for use today
Insulin exerts its mitogenic, growth promoting, and differentiation effects via a signaling pathway that involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is distinct from the PI3K-PDPK1-AKT/PKB pathway that is involved in metabolic regulation by insulin
For example, in a clinical trial for Wegovy, 4% of adults who have type 2 diabetes and a BMI over 27 (considered overweight) developed diabetic retinopathy, a potential complication of diabetes that leads to blood vessel damage in the retina
Still, the risk of secondary tumor growth is minimal compared to other cancer risk factors
A novel nitroalkene vitamin E analogue inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects against inflammation and glucose intolerance triggered by obesity