Health Canadas 2025 and 2026 advisories targeted suppliers using weight-loss or therapeutic marketing language
local anesthetic applied Injection Points: Typically include the AC joint capsule and coracoclavicular ligament attachments Solution Used: 15-25% dextrose + 1% lidocaine or procaine Guidance: Can be done freehand or under ultrasound guidance for precision Post-Injection Care Mild soreness or swelling is expected for 13 days Avoid anti-inflammatory medications (they may blunt the desired response) Gentle range of motion exercises encouraged Physical therapy may be added at any time Treatment Frequency Prolotherapy is typically performed every 34 weeks 36 sessions are usually recommended depending on severity and how you are progressing Clinical Evidence Supporting Prolotherapy for AC Joint Injury While large randomized controlled trials are limited for AC separation specifically, prolotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in multiple musculoskeletal conditions involving ligament and joint instability: Rabago et al
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Sources Vitamin B12 can be obtained from animal-derived foods such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy items, and eggs
Third-party, ideally ISO 17025 accredited testing
Finally, the cladogram (in addition to Supplementary Table S1) clearly illustrated that the unclassified genera fell within multiple orders/families
