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Abbreviations : Increase : Decrease g: Microgram M: Micrometer mol: Micromole Akt: Protein Kinase B ALP: Alkaline phosphatase As: Arsenic ATP: Adenosine triphosphate b.w.: Body weight b/w: Between Bax: Bcl-2-Associated X Protein Bcl2: B cell lymphoma 2 C/EBP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins Ca: Calcium cas3: Caspase 3 CAT: Catalase Conc.: Concentration Cr: Creatinine CUR: Curcumin Dio1: Iodothyronine deiodinase 1 DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid fT 3 /FT 3 : Free triiodothyronine fT 4 /FT 4 : Free thyroxine GABA: -Aminobutyric acid GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GRP 76: Glucose-regulated protein GSH: Glutathione GST: Glutathione-S-transferase I.U.: International units IFN-: Interferon IGF1: Insulin like growth factor 1 IL: Interleukin IL-1: Interleukin 1-beta IL-6: Interleukin 6 iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IP: Intraperitoneally Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 kg: Kilogram KI: Potassium iodide L: Liter MAPK: Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase MCT8: Monocarboxylate transporter 8 ERK1: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 MDA: Malondialdehyde mg: Milligram mM: Millimeter mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid Na + /K + ATPase: Sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase pump NaF: Sodium fluoride NFB: Nuclear factor kappa B Ng: Nanogram NIS: Sodium iodide symporter Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 NSO: Nigella sativa oil O 2 : Superoxide radical anion OH : Hydroxyl radical PBI: Protein bound iodine PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase MG/L: Parts per million Pr: Protein PTH: Parathyroid hormone CaCl 2 : Calcium chloride RNA: Ribonucleic acid ROO : Peroxyl radical ROS: Reactive oxygen species SOD: Superoxide dismutase T 3 : Triiodothyronine T 4 : Thyroxine TBG: Thyroid hormone binding globulin Tg/TG: Thyroglobulin TGAb: Thyroglobulin antibody TR: Thyroid hormone receptor beta TNF: Tumor necrosis factor alpha TPO: Thyroid peroxidase TPOAb: Thyroid peroxidase antibody TQ: Thymoquinone TSPO: Translocator protein Tvol: Thyroid volume UCF: UCr-adjusted urinary fluoride UCr: Urinary creatinine UF: Urinary fluoride UI: Urinary iodine Vit: Vitamin References Zhang S, Jiang C, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Gao H, Yang L (2013) Fluoride-elicited developmental testicular toxicity in rats: roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response

During stage 3, delta waves are produced from the brain and the waves gradually become slower as the sleep cycle begins

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[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 245.Townsend LK, Knuth CM, Wright DC

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