Animal studies showed thyroid C-cell tumors at exposures much higher than clinical doses
Handling & storage of the Wolverine Stack Storage (dry): Keep vials at 28 C , protected from light and moisture
If there is any doubt about the integrity of a solution whether due to appearance, storage history, or uncertainty about the beyond-use date the safest course of action is always to discard it and seek advice from the trial team, supervising clinician, or a registered pharmacist before proceeding
The gap is in large-scale human randomised controlled trials, which have not yet been conducted
In terms of safety, B12 is naturally occurring in the body and therefore (even in large doses) is relatively safe
Since a 10mg vial provides multiple doses over several weeks, you need bacteriostatic water with its benzyl alcohol preservative to prevent bacterial contamination between draws