10.33549/physiolres.931913 Glossary ENaCalpha epithelial sodium channel5-HTserotoninACEangiotensin converting enzymeACEIangiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorAchacetylcholineADHanti-diuretic hormoneADMETabsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicityALTalanine transaminaseAngangiotensinARarteriolar resistanceARBangiotensin receptor blockerASatherosclerosisASTaspartate aminotransferaseBBbeta-blockerBKbradykininBMIbody mass indexBPblood pressureCacalciumCAcardiac arrhythmiaCAIcarbonic anhydrase inhibitorcAMPcyclic adenosine monophosphateCBVDcerebrovascular diseaseCCcalcium channelCCBcalcium channel blockercGMPcyclic guanosine monophosphateCHDcoronary heart diseaseCHFcongestive heart failureCHTcardiac hypertrophyCOcardiac outputCOXcyclooxygenaseCRCconcentration-response curveCVcardiovascularCVDcardiovascular diseaseCVScardiovascular systemDAGdiacylglycerolDBPdiastolic blood pressureDLdyslipidemiaDMdiabetes mellitusDPP-4dipeptidyl peptidase-4ECsendothelial cellsEDHFsendothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factorsEDRFendothelium-derived relaxing factorEDVend-diastolic volumeEFendothelial functioneNOSendothelial nitric oxide synthaseETendothelinFAsfatty acidsFDAFood and Drug AdministrationFMoHFederal Ministry of HealthFTIRfourier-transform infraredGABAgamma-aminobutyric acidGFRglomerular filtration rateGRASgenerally regarded as safeGTglucose toleranceH 2 Shydrogen sulfideHAheart attackHbA1chemoglobin A1c (Glycated hemoglobin)HChypercholesterolemiaHDLChigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolHFheart failureHO-1heme oxygenase 1HPhyprepolarizationHRheart rateHTNhypertensionICAM-1intracellular adhesion molecule 1IKK-Binhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa-B sub-unit betaiNOSinducible nitric oxide synthaseINRinternational normalized ratioIP 3 inositol-1,4,5-triphosphateIRinsulin resistanceIRS-1insulin receptor substrate 1KpotassiumLC 50 median lethal concentrationLD 50 medial lethal doseLDLClow-density lipoprotein cholesterolLFTliver function testMAPmean arterial blood pressureMCmyocardial contractilityMCVmean corpuscular volumeMImyocardial infarctionmiRNAmicroRNAMPmedicinal plantMSmetabolic syndromeNAnoradrenalineNCDsnon-communicable diseasesNEnorepinephrineNKCCNa + /K + /2Cl - co-transporterNOnitric oxideNOAELno-observed-adverse-effect-levelNOELno-observed-effect levelNrf2nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2NSnephrotic syndromeOSoxidative stressPDEphophodiesterasePEphenylephrinePGprostaglandinPI3-k/Aktphosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (Protien kinase B)PKCprotein kinase-CPNSparasympathetic nervous systemPPARperoxisome-proliferator-activated receptorsPTprothrombine timePVDperipheral vascular diseasePVRperipheral vascular resistanceRAASrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemRBCrRed blood cellRCTrandomized control trialRIrenal insufficiencyROCCreceptor-operated calcium channelROSreactive oxygen speciesRSnHhydropolysulfideRxtreatmentsGCsoluble guanylyl cyclaseSHRspontaneously hypertensive ratSMsmooth muscleSNSsympathetic nervous systemSVstroke volume,T2DMType 2 diabetes mellitusT3triiodothyronineT4thyroxineTCtotal cholesterolTGtriglycerideVCAM-1vascular cell adhesion molecule-1VDvascular dysfunctionVDCCvoltage-dependent calcium channelVFvascular functionVGCCvoltage-gated calcium channelVRvenous returnVSCCvoltage-sensitive calcium channelVSMCsvascular smooth muscle cellsWBCwhite blood cellWHOWorld Health OrganizationZnzinc Summary Keywords hypertension, medicinal plants, pharmacological, anti-hypertensive, nutraceuticals, compounds, policy, Ethiopia Citation Nureye D, Tadege G, Dubale S, Kebebe D, Suleman S and Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP (2025) Medicinal plants administered to control hypertension in Ethiopia: ethnomedicine, pharmacology, nutraceutical, phytochemistry, toxicology, and policy perspectives
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doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4514
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It exists in virtually every cell, with the highest concentrations found in the liver (up to 10 mM), where it plays a central role in detoxification, and in the lungs, kidneys, and brain [2][3]
