Low expression levels of CISD1 and CISD2 limit the Fe 3+ content in mitochondria, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis
However, as a result of metal-based NP exposure, the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (METC) would be disrupted, thus resulting in the elevation of intracellular ROS level ( 2 NPs, NADPH oxidase was hyper-activated, and the subsequent increase in ROS generation induced a higher level of oxidative stress (Masoud et al., 2015)
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CNG DNG
In contrast to Ru(II)-OH or NP2, the nanoparticle formulation NP4 has a carbon fluorinated moiety in the polymeric backbone, which could be used for the transport of O 2 and therefore explain this phenomenon
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