Data on GIP stand-alone agonism and antagonism derive mainly from preclinical studies and showed conflicting metabolic and inflammatory outcomes according to the disease model (Tables 1 and 2), which has so far hindered their translation into clinical practice
Int J Appl Basic Med Res (2020) 10:24551
Diabetes (2011) 60(12):31039.10.2337/db11-0979 97 ChristensenMCalannaSSparre-UlrichAHKristensenPLRosenkildeMMFaberJet alGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide augments glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes
For transparency: this figure does not come from any published human study the actual mouse research used subcutaneous injection at 20 mg/kg three times daily, a very different route, species, and dosing basis than the oral use commonly sold
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They are the kinds of issues that should be reviewed before treatment starts and revisited during follow-up