Handa RJ, Kudwa AE, Donner NC, McGivern RF, Brown R
"This blocks interactions between melanocytes [the skin cells that produce melanin] and keratinocytes [cells that provide skin structure]." By blocking interactions between the two, dark spots, signs of melasma, and post-acne hyperpigmentation become less pigmentated, creating a clearer, more radiant tone
Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed by parametric one-way analysis of variance, with post-hoc Newman-Keuls test and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and subsequently the Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups
a consensus report by the American diabetes association (ADA) and the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD)
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It addresses the core pathophysiological drivers - hyperphagia and impaired satiety - via a bypass mechanism