Important in DNA synthesis, vitamin B-12 is bound to the protein in food, and is released by stomach acids during digestion
Subcutaneous injections are administered under the skin into fat between the skin and muscle
High homocysteine levels can negatively impact fertility
A 2017 meta-analysis of data from 15 trials, including more than 71,000 participants at risk of or with existing CVD, showed that B-vitamin supplementation had no significant effect on risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack) or all-cause mortality but reduced risk of stroke by 10% (RR, 0.90
In obesity, abnormal adipose metabolism transports large amounts of free fatty acids to the liver, increasing hepatic fat synthesis, decreasing fat breakdown, and ultimately causing hepatic steatosis
Acneiform eruptions: Skin reactions including acneiform eruptions have been reported in some patients receiving injectable B12