Your body uses a form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide to build NAD+ , the energy currency that powers mitochondria and many cell-repair processes
What is missing There is no published human pharmacokinetic study of subcutaneous AOD-9604, no published human topical or intranasal exposure data, no Phase 3 efficacy trial, no long-term safety data beyond 24 weeks, and no published human cartilage or joint outcome data
They aim to boost B12s benefits by adding extra nutrients
Those allergic to vitamin B12 or cobalt should avoid them
Potential Side Effects While Vitamin B12 injections are generally safe, some people may experience mild side effects, including: Pain or redness at the injection site Mild diarrhea Itching or rash Headache Dizziness Severe allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention
Knowing the right vitamin B12 intramuscular dose is vital for good treatment