Like many chronic diseases, obesity has a wide range of causes and drivers, including those related to genetics, sociocultural factors, mental health, ultra-processed foods, economics, commercial determinants, and environmental factors
Preclinical studies suggest that GLP-1 receptor activation in the mesolimbic dopamine system appears to modulate dopamine signaling, which is central to the rewarding effects of alcohol and other addictive substances
Consistent with an induction of oxidative stress condition, metformin increased mRNA levels of the master redox transcription factor Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like), as well as transsulfuration enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionase and GSH synthesis enzymes -glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase
Lower your exposures to toxins and detox of course
No peer-reviewed evidence supports dose adjustments for cosmetic goals
More realistic than pure cell cultures because the complete tissue architecture is preserved, but less definitive than a human clinical trial
