The phrase without the involvement of any other agency (although, rarely, complement is included) indicates that neutralization is typically measured in vitro by incubating antibodies, virus particles and target cells together and demonstrating reduced infection
Abenavoli L, Larussa T, Corea A, Procopio A, Boccuto L, Dallio M, Procopio AC, Federico A, Luzza F (2021) Dietary polyphenols and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
ACS Nano 8 , 76207629 (2014)
In an alternative protocol samples were then incubated with 10 equivalents of DTNB (from freshly prepared 100 mM DTNB in EtOH) for 10 min, washed and exposed to 1.2 equiv
Consistent refrigeration is a safer and more reliable method
Mr Farah understood the question one way and as soon as he left the room he asked Mr Fudge and immediately returned to clarify and it is plain the investigators were comfortable with this explanation." Farah quit the track to concentrate on running marathons