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Sikiric et al., 2011

Studies have shown that GLP-1 treatment significantly increases the expression levels of BTG2, Pdx1, and the insulin gene in pancreatic cells, indicating that GLP-1 positively regulates insulin gene expression through BTG2, thereby promoting insulin synthesis (Hwang et al., 2013)

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In July 2025, Eli Lilly and Company announced topline results from SURPASS-CVOT, a first-of-its-kind head-to-head Phase III cardiovascular outcomes trial comparing two incretin therapies in adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

We now have multiple years of additional data, expanded FDA approvals, and a much clearer understanding that GLP-1 medications affect not only metabolism, but also the brain, behavior, and emotional experience

Grigorev, A.E