It has antioxidant effects, is a co-factor in mitochondrial energy metabolism, and contributes to DNA synthesis, the methylation cycle, and epigenetic regulation
While oral supplements are available, B12 injections offer better absorption, especially for those with gastrointestinal issues or poor nutrient absorption
Is vitamin B12 deficiency a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in vegetarians
theyre an integral part of many regenerative protocols
In UK practice, monitoring is primarily based on clinical response rather than routine blood tests, as post-treatment serum B12 measurements can be misleadingly high and may not reflect tissue levels
Vitamin B12 is considered beneficial and generally safe, even at high doses