Patients with poorly controlled diabetes can experience both improved blood sugar control and meaningful weight reduction through GLP-1 therapy
Recent Findings New updates on the role of oral agents such as rifaximin, PEG, probiotics, glycerol phenylbutyrate, and zinc supplements in the management of both chronic hyperammonemia and overt hepatic encephalopathy have been discussed in this review
However, for individuals with Crohn's disease, these side effects may be particularly problematic, as they can mimic or exacerbate symptoms of an IBD flare-up, making it difficult to distinguish between medication side effects and disease activity
Over half of patients who stopped taking liraglutide or semaglutide were able to maintain their weight for a year, according to a recent study from Epic Research
Some studies have found that a small number of people may have worsening complications related to diabetic retinopathy when taking semaglutie

However, NICE technology appraisals for weight management medications provide the framework for NHS access: Semaglutide 2.4 mg (Wegovy) NICE TA875: For adults with BMI 35 kg/m and at least one weight-related comorbidity, or 30 kg/m with specific risk factors, in specialist weight management services, typically for up to 2 years Liraglutide 3.0 mg (Saxenda) NICE TA664: Similar criteria with specialist oversight and duration limits Tirzepatide Subject to current NICE guidance for weight management The British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society (BOMSS) recommends that any pharmacological intervention after bariatric surgery should be: Individualised based on patient circumstances, weight trajectory, and comorbidities Evidence-based where possible, acknowledging the limited but growing research base Delivered within a multidisciplinary framework involving bariatric surgeons, dietitians, psychologists, and specialist physicians Accompanied by lifestyle modification support, including dietary counselling and physical activity guidance Medical supervision requirements for post-bariatric patients using weight loss injections include: Baseline assessment : Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional status, including blood tests for vitamins, minerals, protein levels, renal function, and HbA1c/glucose Regular monitoring : Follow-up appointments every 412 weeks initially to assess tolerance, efficacy, and side effects Nutritional surveillance : Ongoing monitoring of protein intake, hydration status, and micronutrient levels with appropriate supplementation Medication review : Assessment of concurrent medications, particularly diabetes treatments that may require adjustment Pregnancy status : Confirmation of effective contraception in women of childbearing potential Diabetic eye screening : For patients with diabetes, particularly if rapid improvement in glucose control occurs Psychological support : Evaluation of eating behaviours, body image concerns, and mental health Prescribing should typically occur through specialist weight management services or bariatric teams rather than primary care alone, given the complexity of post-surgical patients
