[4] Primary constipation (functional constipation) [5] [6] [7] Constipation with no identifiable secondary cause Subtypes Normal transit constipation (most common): symptoms of constipation despite normal colonic transit time Defecatory disorders (also known as outlet obstruction or pelvic floor dyssynergia): difficulty evacuating stool once it reaches the rectum Can manifest with prolonged straining, rectal discomfort, and trouble passing even soft stools May be caused by inadequate rectal propulsion, increased resistance to evacuation , or other factors Slow-transit constipation Risk factors for primary constipation [6] Lifestyle: poor diet, insufficient physical activity, obesity Genetic predisposition Psychological and behavioral disorders Alterations in normal gut flora, colonic dysmotility [5] A predominance of abdominal bloating, cramping, and pain associated with constipation should increase the suspicion for IBS-C
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 107(12), 3254-3262
A safe and effective goal for a 2-week jump-start is a deficit of 500 to 700 calories per day
& Ogden, C
Synthetic cementum protein 1-derived peptide regulates mineralization in vitro and promotes bone regeneration in vivo
Of particular interest are probiotics which represent live non-pathogenic microorganisms that can restore microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract upon appropriate administration ( in vitro and in vivo ( 2 Search strategy We searched MEDLINE and PubMed for all English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 1977 and 2022
