Gut Microbes 13 , 118 (2021)

These include improvement in MASLD-related steatohepatitis and steatosis,155,156 knee pain in osteoarthritis,106 cardiovascular outcomes,99 and potentially substance use disorders.157 Common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include nausea, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and reduced appetite.63,67,148,158 Side effects tend to be transient and resolve with time, but impact real-world adherence.159 Patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists do lose muscle mass, as is commonly seen with all forms of weight loss.160 Serious adverse events include gallbladder and biliary disease, which are believed to be dose-related and result from GLP-1 inhibiting gallbladder emptying through CCK suppression.120,140 Contraindications to use of GLP-1 receptor agonists include medullary thyroid carcinoma, family history of MEN type 2 syndrome, pancreatitis, and relative contraindications include diabetic retinopathy and uncontrolled diabetes.161,162 Given the recent approvals of these anti-obesity medications, providers and patients are undoubtedly concerned about what long-term safety data is available

Effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements on older people with Anorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
The Benefits of Micro-Dosing GLP-1 Medications for Weight Loss and Wellness infotransformation Jan 26, 2025 5 min read The health and wellness industry is continuously evolving, introducing new approaches to safe weight management solutions
Availability of data and materials The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
For information on recommended timing of when to stop GLP1-RAs prior to pregnancy please see Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists during pregnancy and lactation