In agreement with this, the ability of PA to protect cells against oxidative stress has been associated with inhibited ROS generation, increased GSH levels, and decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA), as shown in several studies ( An increased ROS level can directly or indirectly control the SIRT-1 enzyme (Salminen et al., 2013)
In humans, the most well-studied pharmacologic agent activating the NRF2 system is the drug bardoxolone methyl, which covalently binds to cysteine residues of KEAP1, allowing NRF2 to escape ubiquitination and degradation and translocate to the nucleus to induce the myriad antioxidant genes [53]
Nutr Diabetes
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J.PeixotoL.WimmerM
So, the attenuated lipid metabolism in H 2 O 2 -damaged HL7702 cells would be significantly ameliorated by L-carnitine