* Nicotine with alkaloids, which represents tobacco smoke, was much more likely to be self administered in comparison to nicotine without alkaloids, which would more closely represent e-cigarette vapour
Furthermore, inflammation may also contribute to tumor initiation because activated inflammatory cells can induce the formation of ROS and RNS, which can induce genetic damage [20, 22]
Finally, flow cytometry results show a signal for PAEP in both 12Z and SHT290 cells
Several independent research groups showed an increase in ROS production after exposure to e-vapor extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) [67] and in small airway epithelial cells [68]
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Family members or those who spend a lot of time with the pregnant woman should be encouraged to assist with ensuring the home and car are 100% smoke-free