1 Introduction Adolescence is a period of brain development during which neurotransmitter systems are actively maturing, with dopamine (DA) exhibiting particularly dynamic changes ( Among teenagers, recreational use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) has escalated exponentially ( Initiation of smoking typically occurs during adolescence, with approximately 90% of adult smokers starting before age 18 ( Adolescent rodents, conservatively defined as between postnatal day (P) 28 and 42 ( In adolescent rodents, but not adults, brief exposure to nicotine enhances cocaine locomotor sensitization, conditioned place preference, and self-administration as well as quinpirole-induced activity ( 1A receptor (5-HT 1A R) antagonist ( 1A R signaling during adolescence may underlie enhanced behavioral sensitivity to DA drugs after nicotine exposure
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[11] In recent years Davis has returned to directing theatre and film
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Other studies have shown increased inflammatory and oxidative stress in non-smokers even when exposed to e-cigarettes without nicotine (104)
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